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Berth Fender Classification: Key Types and Applications

Berth fenders are critical marine structures designed to absorb ship impacts and protect docks and vessels. Here’s a concise classification based on design and materials:

​​1. Rubber Fenders​​

  • ​​Types​​: Arch, cylindrical, or cell fenders.
  • ​​Features​​: High elasticity, energy absorption, and durability.
  • ​​Applications​​: General ports, container terminals (e.g., Arch fenders for large ships).
  • ​​Pros​​: Low maintenance, eco-friendly.
  • ​​Cons​​: Limited resistance to extreme abrasion.

​​2. Tire Fenders​​

  • ​​Design​​: Stacked tires or rubber-coated tire units.
  • ​​Features​​: Cost-effective, flexible, and impact-resistant.
  • ​​Applications​​: Small harbors, fishing docks.
  • ​​Pros​​: Cheap, easy installation.
  • ​​Cons​​: Shorter lifespan, higher maintenance.

​​3. Composite Fenders​​

  • ​​Materials​​: Hybrid of rubber, polyurethane, or composites.
  • ​​Features​​: Lightweight, corrosion-resistant.
  • ​​Applications​​: Offshore platforms, harsh environments.
  • ​​Pros​​: Long lifespan, low reaction force.
  • ​​Cons​​: Higher cost.

​​4. Hydraulic Fenders​​

  • ​​Design​​: Integrated hydraulic damping systems.
  • ​​Features​​: Adjustable energy absorption, precise control.
  • ​​Applications​​: Mega-ships (VLCCs), offshore wind farms.
  • ​​Pros​​: High energy absorption, smart adaptability.
  • ​​Cons​​: Expensive, complex installation.

​​5. Steel-Reinforced Fenders​​

  • ​​Structure​​: Steel shells filled with rubber or foam.
  • ​​Features​​: High load capacity, impact resistance.
  • ​​Applications​​: Industrial ports, heavy cargo terminals.
  • ​​Pros​​: Durable, handles mega-vessels.
  • ​​Cons​​: Heavy, prone to corrosion if uncoated.

​​6. Cellular Fenders​​

  • ​​Design​​: Honeycomb-like rubber cells.
  • ​​Features​​: Uniform force distribution, reusable.
  • ​​Applications​​: Yacht marinas, passenger terminals.
  • ​​Pros​​: Lightweight, reusable.
  • ​​Cons​​: Lower energy absorption than arch types.

​​Selection Factors​​

  • ​​Ship Size​​: Mega-ships → Hydraulic/fiber-reinforced fenders.
  • ​​Environment​​: Saltwater/ice → Rubber/composite.
  • ​​Budget​​: Cost-effective → Tire fenders; High-tech → Hydraulic.

​​Summary​​: Berth fenders range from simple tire units to smart hydraulic systems, each tailored to specific needs. Rubber and composite types dominate for balancing cost and durability, while hydraulic solutions excel in precision for large vessels.