如何实施 STS（船对船）操作。

07/20/2021

船对船操作的介绍和指导

船对船 (STS) 转运操作是指在静止或航行中并排放置的海船之间的货物转运。通常通过 STS 方法转运的货物包括原油、液化气（LPG 或 LNG）、散货和石油产品。
对于船对船操作，通常在两艘船之间放置3-5个初级气动护舷和2-3个二级气动护舷，如果输送油或液化气，将使用STS软管连接两艘船的货油系统或气体坦克。气动护舷通常通过系泊绳索锚定到一艘船的主甲板系船柱上。

如何选择挡泥板

下面概述了如何为船对船操作选择护舷程序。初步确认了两种船舶类型、尺寸和天气条件，如平静、中等和粗糙。

OCIMF 表（用于 STS 的 Fenders Quick and Simple）

Equivalent displacement coefficient :"C" is calculated，and fenders are used tentatively by using the table in OCIMF Ship-to-Ship Transfer Guide ;"OCIMF Table"， Table as following. In this case，initial internal pressure of the fender shall be 50kPa (Pneumatic 50). The chosen are designed based on Calm weather condition，therefore if the weather is confirmed as Calm，the fender system can be simply chosen from the tables.

根据泊位能量选择护舷

计算两艘船的靠泊能量。如果暂选护舷的吸能能力（Ef）大于计算靠泊能量（E），则确认选择了合适的护舷。如果护舷吸能能力小于计算靠泊能量，则暂定选定的挡泥板应改为更大的尺寸。

等效位移系数

等效排水量系数将根据每艘船舶的具体情况和船对船操作的类型而有所不同。下面的表 2 描述了三种类型的船对船操作。

It is obvious that ship's displacement at the ordinary lighting or the reverse lighting operation is smaller compared to that for the full-full berthing, however, at the severest condition when the two vessels are both almost full, the displacement become similar to condition of the full-full berthing and therefore the fender system should be chosen considering the full-full berthing even in case of the ordinary lighting and the reverse lighting operation.